However Acts 8 challenges that. It says the Samaritans were baptised by Philip (a disciple of Jesus) but they had not yet received the baptism of the Holy Spirit."Paul, however, knew that when a person was baptized, he received the Spirit of God. Since these disciples hadn't, there must have been a problem with their baptism. While Jesus lived on earth He said, "for it [the Spirit] dwells with you, and will be in you." So those who received John's baptism did not receive the Spirit to dwell within them permanently, nor did those who received Christ's baptism before He died and was raised. But after He was raised, those who were baptized received the Spirit, even as Peter said they would. "
I believe in Acts 19 the disciples of John had not heard enough about Jesus or the baptism of the Spirit to make their baptism valid. (Which pretty much totally invalidates infant sprinkling - a baby neither hears nor understands the gospel, neither can he repent) Apollos, on the other hand, was well versed in messianic prophecy, though may also not have been spirit-filled when Priscilla and Aquilla heard him preach Jesus - they took him aside and told him the gospel more perfectly.