The AD 70 Destruction of Harlot Babylon
Posted: Mon Sep 19, 2011 10:29 pm
The destruction of harlot Babylon is the culmination of the judgments of Revelation. Preterists say this is talking about the AD 70 destruction of Jerusalem. This may sound crazy, but becomes much less so when one actually looks at Scripture.
To find the meaning of the images shown in Revelation one needs to look at the rest of Scripture—especially the Old Testament. Looking at the OT, the motif of harlot (with only two minor exceptions) is used to represent God’s old covenant people going after the gods and ways of other nations: Lev 17:7; 20:5-6; Num 14:33; 15:39; Deut 31:16; Judg 2:17; 8:27; 1 Chr. 5:25; 2 Chr 21:11; Ps 73:27; Hosea 1:2; 2:4; 4:15; 9:1; Jer. 2:20; 3:2,9,13; 5:7,11; 13:27; Ezek. 6:9; 16:26, 28, 29-30, 32; 23:2-3; 43:7, 9.
When Revelation was written (c. AD 65) the other nation was Rome; this is the beast the harlot is riding on. God’s covenant with Israel was liked to a covenant of marriage (Ezek 16:32), thus God’s old covenant people going after other gods is likened to an unfaithful or harlot wife. God went so far as to have Hosea marry a harlot to let his unfaithful people know what it was like to be in a covenant relationship with them (Hosea 1:2). When God established the Mosaic covenant, He told Moses the following.
The book of Revelation is structured on the covenant curses that were to come on God’s old covenant people when they broke the covenant—something they did in the ultimate sense when they had Jesus killed (cf. Matt. 21:33-45). God said He would bring four sets of sevenfold punishment on Israel for breaking the covenant (Lev. 26:18, 21, 24, 28).
I. Leviticus 26:18: “And after all this, if you do not obey Me I will punish you seven times more for your sins.”
II. Leviticus 26:21: Then, if you walk contrary to Me, and are not willing to obey Me, I will bring on you seven times more plagues, according to your sins.
III. Leviticus 26:23-24: And if by these things you are not reformed by Me, but walk contrary to Me, then I also will walk contrary to you, and I will punish you yet seven times for your sins.
IV. Leviticus 26:27-28: And after all this, if you do not obey Me, but walk contrary to Me, then I also will walk contrary to you in fury; and I, even I, will chastise you seven times for your sins.
This pattern of Israel’s covenant punishments—four sets of punishments, each having a sevenfold fulfillment—provides the structure the plagues and punishments found in the book of Revelation. The four sets of sevenfold punishment in Revelation are:
I. The seven seals (Rev. 6:1-17; 8:1)
II. The seven trumpets (Rev. 8:2-10:7)
III. The seven thunders (Rev. 10:3-4)
IV. The seven bowls (Rev. 16:1-21)
For more on this see my article "The Covenant Judgments of Revelation". See here http://planetpreterist.com/content/c...nts-revelation
Revelation is showing God’s anger being poured out harlot Israel (the dwellers on the Land) as she is devoured at the end of the old covenant age (cf. Dan. 11:40-12:7). God had said He would punish His unfaithful old covenant people at this time by bringing back on them the plagues of Egypt (Deut. 28:58-61); this is why a number of the punishments in Revelation are patterned after the plagues of Egypt (7 of the 10 plagues are represented, Rev. 9:2-3; 16:1-4, 8, 10, 13, 21). This background of the covenant curses forms the context in which one finds the judgment and destruction of harlot Babylon. The destruction of Babylon in Revelation 17-18 forms the climax of these covenant curses that were coming on the unfaithful dwellers on the Land (cf. Rev. 11:15-18).
Two Women Who Represent the Two Covenants
Revelation is a tale of two cities. It is a book about two women/cities (harlot Babylon and the New Jerusalem bride) that are two wives (the bride is a betrothed wife, Rev. 19:7; the harlot is a widowed wife, Rev. 18:7). The unfaithful widowed wife (who became a widow when she had Jesus, killed, cf. Matt. 21:5) is destroyed, while the betrothed wife becomes married (Rev. 19:1-11). This subject of two women/cities is the same as that of Galatians 4:21-31.
In Galatians 4 we are also shown two women/cities that are two wives; like Revelation, one is cast out while the other receives her inheritance. In Galatians the two women/cities are the Jerusalem from above and earthly Jerusalem. We are told that these “things are symbolic, for these are the two covenants” (Gal. 4:24). It is exactly the same in Revelation. Revelation presents us with two women/cities which are symbolic of the new and old covenant communities. It is obvious (or should be) that the Jerusalem from above of Galatians corresponds to the New Jerusalem of Revelation (which comes down out of heaven, Rev. 21:2). It should be equally as obvious that Revelation’s Babylon corresponds to the earthly Jerusalem of Galatians 4:24-25. Babylon is called “the great city” in Revelation (Rev. 17:18); the first time we are introduced to “the great city” we are told it is where Jesus was killed (i.e., Jerusalem, Rev. 11:8).
Revelation is showing the exact same thing that Galatians is, the contrast between the new covenant (which would be fully established at the AD 70 coming of God’s kingdom, cf. Mark 8:38-9:1) and the demise of the old covenant (which would go up in flames with the burning of the Temple in AD 70, Rev. 17:16). This is why the marriage of the bride happens right after the destruction of the harlot.
This was the time that the kingdom of God was taken from God’s old covenant people and fully given to His new covenant people—the AD 70 destruction of Jerusalem (Matt. 21:33-45).
The Attire of the Harlot
The harlot is arrayed in the colors and materials of the Temple and the priesthood (Rev. 17:4; 18:6; cf. Ex. 28:3-39). Anyone familiar with the Temple could not miss the allusion to the giant (approximately 82 ft. high and 24 ft. wide) “Babylonian tapestry embroidered with blue, scarlet and purple and fine linen” that covered the entrance to the sanctuary (Josephus, The Jewish War, 5, 5, 4). The merchandise of Babylon (Rev. 18:11-13) is the merchandise used in the building and ceremonies of the Temple (cf. 2 Chron. 2:12, 14; Ezek. 16:10-19). Babylon is accused of the same commercialism that the Temple was (Rev. 18:7-11; cf. Matt. 21:12-13). Like the leaders of Israel, harlot Babylon is guilty of the blood of God’s true people (Rev. 17:6; 18:24; cf. Matt 23:29-38; 1 Thess. 2:14-16). Just as the Temple was the gathering place for worldwide Jewry (Acts 2:5-11), so harlot Babylon is associated with diverse nationalities of the world (Rev. 17:15). Just as Jesus had warned would happen to the generation that rejected him (Matt. 12:43-45), so harlot Babylon had become the dwelling place of demons (Rev. 18:2).
The plagues of Babylon (“pestilence and mourning, and famine and she will be burned up with fire,” Rev. 18:8 NASB) are exactly what happened to Jerusalem at AD 70. When the Romans finally entered Jerusalem they found the houses full of the bodies of starvation victims. Josephus writes the following on this.
The kingdom of God was not put on hold when the Jews rejected it. To the contrary, Jesus had said that the Jews (“the sons of the kingdom”) would be cast out of the kingdom at its full establishment.
And I say to you that many will come from east and west, and sit down with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob in the kingdom of heaven. But the sons of the kingdom will be cast out into outer darkness. There will be weeping and gnashing of teeth. Matt. 8:11-12
Jesus would be the cause of “the fall and rising of many in Israel” (Luke 2:34). Harlot Babylon would be destroyed and the New Jerusalem bride (Rev. 21:9-10) would become married.
To find the meaning of the images shown in Revelation one needs to look at the rest of Scripture—especially the Old Testament. Looking at the OT, the motif of harlot (with only two minor exceptions) is used to represent God’s old covenant people going after the gods and ways of other nations: Lev 17:7; 20:5-6; Num 14:33; 15:39; Deut 31:16; Judg 2:17; 8:27; 1 Chr. 5:25; 2 Chr 21:11; Ps 73:27; Hosea 1:2; 2:4; 4:15; 9:1; Jer. 2:20; 3:2,9,13; 5:7,11; 13:27; Ezek. 6:9; 16:26, 28, 29-30, 32; 23:2-3; 43:7, 9.
When Revelation was written (c. AD 65) the other nation was Rome; this is the beast the harlot is riding on. God’s covenant with Israel was liked to a covenant of marriage (Ezek 16:32), thus God’s old covenant people going after other gods is likened to an unfaithful or harlot wife. God went so far as to have Hosea marry a harlot to let his unfaithful people know what it was like to be in a covenant relationship with them (Hosea 1:2). When God established the Mosaic covenant, He told Moses the following.
Revelation 17-18 is showing this prophesied destruction of harlot Israel. She will be devoured by the Roman beast (cf. Dan. 9:26-27).“Behold, you will rest with your fathers; and this people will rise and play the harlot with the gods of the foreigners of the land, where they go to be among them, and they will forsake Me and break My covenant which I have made with them. Then My anger shall be aroused against them in that day, and I will forsake them, and I will hide My face from them, and they shall be devoured . . . .
Deuteronomy 31:16-17
The book of Revelation is structured on the covenant curses that were to come on God’s old covenant people when they broke the covenant—something they did in the ultimate sense when they had Jesus killed (cf. Matt. 21:33-45). God said He would bring four sets of sevenfold punishment on Israel for breaking the covenant (Lev. 26:18, 21, 24, 28).
I. Leviticus 26:18: “And after all this, if you do not obey Me I will punish you seven times more for your sins.”
II. Leviticus 26:21: Then, if you walk contrary to Me, and are not willing to obey Me, I will bring on you seven times more plagues, according to your sins.
III. Leviticus 26:23-24: And if by these things you are not reformed by Me, but walk contrary to Me, then I also will walk contrary to you, and I will punish you yet seven times for your sins.
IV. Leviticus 26:27-28: And after all this, if you do not obey Me, but walk contrary to Me, then I also will walk contrary to you in fury; and I, even I, will chastise you seven times for your sins.
This pattern of Israel’s covenant punishments—four sets of punishments, each having a sevenfold fulfillment—provides the structure the plagues and punishments found in the book of Revelation. The four sets of sevenfold punishment in Revelation are:
I. The seven seals (Rev. 6:1-17; 8:1)
II. The seven trumpets (Rev. 8:2-10:7)
III. The seven thunders (Rev. 10:3-4)
IV. The seven bowls (Rev. 16:1-21)
For more on this see my article "The Covenant Judgments of Revelation". See here http://planetpreterist.com/content/c...nts-revelation
Revelation is showing God’s anger being poured out harlot Israel (the dwellers on the Land) as she is devoured at the end of the old covenant age (cf. Dan. 11:40-12:7). God had said He would punish His unfaithful old covenant people at this time by bringing back on them the plagues of Egypt (Deut. 28:58-61); this is why a number of the punishments in Revelation are patterned after the plagues of Egypt (7 of the 10 plagues are represented, Rev. 9:2-3; 16:1-4, 8, 10, 13, 21). This background of the covenant curses forms the context in which one finds the judgment and destruction of harlot Babylon. The destruction of Babylon in Revelation 17-18 forms the climax of these covenant curses that were coming on the unfaithful dwellers on the Land (cf. Rev. 11:15-18).
Two Women Who Represent the Two Covenants
Revelation is a tale of two cities. It is a book about two women/cities (harlot Babylon and the New Jerusalem bride) that are two wives (the bride is a betrothed wife, Rev. 19:7; the harlot is a widowed wife, Rev. 18:7). The unfaithful widowed wife (who became a widow when she had Jesus, killed, cf. Matt. 21:5) is destroyed, while the betrothed wife becomes married (Rev. 19:1-11). This subject of two women/cities is the same as that of Galatians 4:21-31.
Tell me, you who desire to be under the law, do you not hear the law? For it is written that Abraham had two sons: the one by a bondwoman, the other by a freewoman. But he who was of the bondwoman was born according to the flesh, and he of the freewoman through promise, which things are symbolic. For these are the two covenants: the one from Mount Sinai which gives birth to bondage, which is Hagar—for this Hagar is Mount Sinai in Arabia, and corresponds to Jerusalem which now is, and is in bondage with her children—but the Jerusalem above is free, which is the mother of us all. For it is written:
“Rejoice, O barren, You who do not bear! Break forth and shout, You who are not in labor! For the desolate has many more children than she who has a husband.” Nevertheless what does the Scripture say? “Cast out the bondwoman and her son, for the son of the bond woman shall not be heir with the son of the freewoman.’” Now we brethren, as Isaac was, are children of promise. But as he who was born according to the flesh then persecuted him who was born according to the Spirit, even so it is now. So then, brethren, we are not children of the bondwoman but of the free.
In Galatians 4 we are also shown two women/cities that are two wives; like Revelation, one is cast out while the other receives her inheritance. In Galatians the two women/cities are the Jerusalem from above and earthly Jerusalem. We are told that these “things are symbolic, for these are the two covenants” (Gal. 4:24). It is exactly the same in Revelation. Revelation presents us with two women/cities which are symbolic of the new and old covenant communities. It is obvious (or should be) that the Jerusalem from above of Galatians corresponds to the New Jerusalem of Revelation (which comes down out of heaven, Rev. 21:2). It should be equally as obvious that Revelation’s Babylon corresponds to the earthly Jerusalem of Galatians 4:24-25. Babylon is called “the great city” in Revelation (Rev. 17:18); the first time we are introduced to “the great city” we are told it is where Jesus was killed (i.e., Jerusalem, Rev. 11:8).
Revelation is showing the exact same thing that Galatians is, the contrast between the new covenant (which would be fully established at the AD 70 coming of God’s kingdom, cf. Mark 8:38-9:1) and the demise of the old covenant (which would go up in flames with the burning of the Temple in AD 70, Rev. 17:16). This is why the marriage of the bride happens right after the destruction of the harlot.
This contrast between the destruction of faithless Israel and then marriage of the new covenant bride is found in Matthew 22. Those who rejected the invitation to the wedding of a king’s son are destroyed and then the wedding goes forward with a new people.After these things I heard a loud voice of a great multitude in heaven, saying “Alleluia! Salvation and glory and honor and power belong to the Lord our God! For true and righteous are His judgments, because He has judged the great harlot who corrupted the earth with her fornication; and He has avenged on her the blood of His servants shed by her.” Again they said, “Alleluia! Her smoke rises up forever and ever!” . . .
“Let us be glad and rejoice and give Him glory, for the marriage of the Lamb has come, and His wife has made herself ready.”
Revelation 19:1-3, 7
This parable is so obviously speaking of the AD 70 destruction of Jerusalem that skeptics say it must have been written after AD 70. This story of the burning of a wicked city followed by a marriage parallels the narrative of Revelation 17-19. The city of God’s unfaithful old covenant people (harlot Babylon) is burned (Rev. 18:8) and then a wedding happens as the new covenant bride becomes married (Rev. 19:1-9). God destroys His unfaithful old covenant wife (cf. Ezek. 16:32) and then marries His new covenant bride.And Jesus answered and spoke to them again by parables and said: “The kingdom of heaven is like a certain king who arranged a marriage for his son, and sent out his servants to call those who were invited to the wedding; and they were not willing to come. Again, he sent out other servants, saying ‘Tell those who are invited, See, I have prepared my dinner; my oxen and fatted cattle are killed, and all things are ready. Come to the wedding.’ But they made light of it and went their ways, one to his own farm, another to his business. And the rest seized his servants, treated them spitefully, and killed them. But when the king heard about it, he was furious. And he sent out his armies, destroyed those murders, and burned up their city. Then he said to his servants, ‘The wedding is ready, but those who were invited were not worthy. Therefore go into the highways, and as many as you find, invite to the wedding.’ So those servants went out into the highways and gathered together all whom they found, both bad and good. And the wedding hall was filled with guests.”
Matthew 22:1-10
This was the time that the kingdom of God was taken from God’s old covenant people and fully given to His new covenant people—the AD 70 destruction of Jerusalem (Matt. 21:33-45).
Here another parable: There was a certain landowner who planted a vineyard and set a hedge around it, dug a winepress in it and built a tower. And he leased it to vinedressers and went into a far country. Now when vintage-time drew near, he sent his servants to the vinedressers, that they might receive its fruit. And the vinedressers took his servant, beat one, killed one, and stoned another. Again he sent other servants more than the first, and they did likewise to them. Then last of all he sent his son to them, saying, “They will respect my son.” But when the vinedressers saw the son, they said among themselves “This is the heir. Come, let us kill him and seize his inheritance.” So they took him and cast him out of the vineyard and killed him.Therefore, when the owner of the vineyard comes, what will he do to those vinedressers? They said to Him, “He will destroy those wicked men miserably, and lease his vineyard to other vinedressers who will render to him the fruits in their seasons.” Jesus said to them . . . “Therefore I say to you, the kingdom of God will be taken from you and given to a nation bearing the fruits of it.”
Matthew 21:33-43; cf. Is. 5; 1 Peter 2:9-10
The Attire of the Harlot
The harlot is arrayed in the colors and materials of the Temple and the priesthood (Rev. 17:4; 18:6; cf. Ex. 28:3-39). Anyone familiar with the Temple could not miss the allusion to the giant (approximately 82 ft. high and 24 ft. wide) “Babylonian tapestry embroidered with blue, scarlet and purple and fine linen” that covered the entrance to the sanctuary (Josephus, The Jewish War, 5, 5, 4). The merchandise of Babylon (Rev. 18:11-13) is the merchandise used in the building and ceremonies of the Temple (cf. 2 Chron. 2:12, 14; Ezek. 16:10-19). Babylon is accused of the same commercialism that the Temple was (Rev. 18:7-11; cf. Matt. 21:12-13). Like the leaders of Israel, harlot Babylon is guilty of the blood of God’s true people (Rev. 17:6; 18:24; cf. Matt 23:29-38; 1 Thess. 2:14-16). Just as the Temple was the gathering place for worldwide Jewry (Acts 2:5-11), so harlot Babylon is associated with diverse nationalities of the world (Rev. 17:15). Just as Jesus had warned would happen to the generation that rejected him (Matt. 12:43-45), so harlot Babylon had become the dwelling place of demons (Rev. 18:2).
The plagues of Babylon (“pestilence and mourning, and famine and she will be burned up with fire,” Rev. 18:8 NASB) are exactly what happened to Jerusalem at AD 70. When the Romans finally entered Jerusalem they found the houses full of the bodies of starvation victims. Josephus writes the following on this.
It should be noted that burning was the prescribed punishment for a harlot of priestly descent (Lev. 21:9).They [the Romans] found the conclusion of the war much easier than the beginning; they could hardly believe that they surmounted the last wall without bloodshed and were amazed at seeing none to oppose them. They poured into the alleys, sword in hand, massacring indiscriminately all whom they met, and burned the houses with all who had taken refuge inside. In the course of their raids, as they entered houses for loot, they found whole families dead and rooms full of victims of starvation; horrified by such sights, they retired empty-handed. Yet pity for those who had thus perished was matched by no such feeling for the living, but, running through everyone they met, they choked the alleys with corpses and deluged the entire city with gore, so that many fires were quenched by the blood of the slain. They ceased their slaughter at dusk, but fire gained the mastery in the night, and dawn of the eighth day of the month of Gorpiaeus [Aug./Sept. AD 70] rose over Jerusalem in flames—a city that during the siege had suffered such disasters that if it had enjoyed as many blessing from its foundation, it would have been the envy of all—a city that deserved such terrible misfortunes on no other account than that it produced a generation such as brought about her downfall. [The Jewish War, 6, 8, 5]
The kingdom of God was not put on hold when the Jews rejected it. To the contrary, Jesus had said that the Jews (“the sons of the kingdom”) would be cast out of the kingdom at its full establishment.
And I say to you that many will come from east and west, and sit down with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob in the kingdom of heaven. But the sons of the kingdom will be cast out into outer darkness. There will be weeping and gnashing of teeth. Matt. 8:11-12
Jesus would be the cause of “the fall and rising of many in Israel” (Luke 2:34). Harlot Babylon would be destroyed and the New Jerusalem bride (Rev. 21:9-10) would become married.