I have a question, but I don't know how to make it short and complete. I'll give it a try though.
If I read Romans 9 accepting the exegesis offered by James White that the subject matter covers two groups: saved and lost. And accept that these two groups are this way because of God's choice and not from anything they could or would do, think or believe (including faith). Then why does Paul go on in this very context to extend hope to those Jews who are not part of "all Israel who are descended from Israel"?
Examples:
Romans 9:31 but Israel, pursuing the law of righteousness, has not attained to the law of righteousness...For they stumbled at that stumbling stone.
There were those of Israel who stumbled, what of them? If God passed over them as He did Esau and company and they are "lost" then why does Paul press the point further:
Romand 10:1 Brethren, my heart's desire and prayer to God for Israel is that they may be saved.
Why would Paul desire something God does not? Is it not God's choice? Paul should be at peace with this, but he seems troubled.
Romans 11:1 I say then, has God cast away His people? Certainly not! For I also am an Israelite, of the seed of Abraham, of the tribe of Benjamin. 2 God has not cast away His people whom He foreknew.
So God has not rejected those whom He foreknew. Ok, this works with Calvinism, let's continue, Paul's not finnished:
Romans 11:7 What then? Israel has not obtained what it seeks; but the elect have obtained it, and the rest were blinded
Those who were not elect were blinded. Ok, so since they are clearly not elect, they cannot and will not be saved, right? So then why does Paul say these things:
Romans 11:11 I say then, have they stumbled that they should fall? Certainly not! But through their fall, to provoke them to jealousy, salvation has come to the Gentiles.
So, to provoke them (the non elect, apparently. Since the elect are kept by God can cannot fall see Jude 1:24) to jealousy salvation has been granted/extended to the Gentiles (not exclusively to Gentiles though see Rom 11:1-2).
Romans 11:14 if by any means I may provoke to jealousy those who are my flesh and save some of them. 15 For if their being cast away is the reconciling of the world, what will their acceptance be but life from the dead?
Why would Paul seek to arouse those of his own flesh who have been cast away by God, (like Ishmael was cast out?).
Romans 11:16 For if the firstfruit is holy, the lump is also holy; and if the root is holy, so are the branches. 17 And if some of the branches were broken off, and you, being a wild olive tree, were grafted in among them, and with them became a partaker of the root and fatness of the olive tree, 18 do not boast against the branches.
Since the wild olive tree is in contrast to the natural branches, it would seem then the root would be Abraham. The law did say that those who did not listen to "the prophet" would be cut off from the people. Anyway, these people were broken off and branches were grafted on (Gentiles).
This seems to be a recitation of what Paul has already said:
I say then, have they stumbled that they should fall? Certainly not! But through their fall, to provoke them to jealousy, salvation has come to the Gentiles.
and
What then? Israel has not obtained what it seeks; but the elect have obtained it, and the rest were blinded.
The elect obtained, the rest did not. They fell but are being provoked to be grafted on again. Is this not Paul speaking about the non-elect Jews coming to faith in Christ through jealousy? How could Paul believe to teach such a thing if Romans 9 is correctly interpreted as James White does?
Romand 11: 19 You will say then, "Branches were broken off that I might be grafted in." 20 Well said. Because of unbelief they were broken off, and you stand by faith. Do not be haughty, but fear. 21 For if God did not spare the natural branches, He may not spare you either.
What natural branches did God not spare? Are these not the very ones from Romans 9 who are not part of "all Israel who are from Israel"? How then can they be grafted back on again:
23 And they also, if they do not continue in unbelief, will be grafted in, for God is able to graft them in again.
I see that it is God who does the grafting, the condition however is faith. Interesting that God here seems incapable of grafting in those who continue in unbelief. And it's Paul's stated conviction that through the jealously caused by the Gentiles coming to God that some Jews may come to be saved. Even though they are not the elect, they are rather the ones who were blinded (Rom 11:7).
Hopefully this is at least somewhat understandable.
