Under the judges, every man was expected to observe the law of God given by Moses. There was no centralized government. Every man was left to follow his own conscience—which is what "every man did what was right in his own eyes" means. The reason they followed their own conscience was because "there was no king in Israel." To say that people did whatever they thought right does not mean that people behaved well or poorly. It only means they were free to follow their own consciences. The Torah made provision for the regular reading of the laws of God to the whole nation, so that "what was right" in their eyes would be informed by God's laws. Those who violated God's laws in a manner that endangered others or the community were stoned to death by their neighbors. Otherwise, they were left alone.Steve,
Did I understand you correctly to one time mention that in Judges where it speaks of every one doing what was right in their own eyes, you saw this as, not so much an indictment against what was going on, so much as every man's conscience was sufficient to judge rightly? (If I'm misrepresenting what you said, please clarify.) Do you think that idea has relevance in the context of this discussion?
When the whole nation became disobedient, God Himself took it in hand to bring discipline, by sending in the Syrians, the Midianites, the Philistines, etc., to chastise them and restore them to repentance. It was a community under the direct rule of God.
Preachers usually point to the bad things that happened in the Book of Judges to show that, when people are left to do "what is right" in their own eyes, they do evil things. However, not everyone did evil things. The heartwarming virtues exhibited in Ruth, Boaz, Hannah and Samuel were also features of the society in the time of the Judges. When people are free to do what is right in their own eyes, then those who are righteous will do righteously and those who are unrighteous will do unrighteously. They will show their true colors, and be known in the community for what they really are.
Did people behave better after there was a king established in Israel? I find no biblical evidence of it. The main change was that, when an evil king reigned, he could restrict the freedom of the righteous to follow their righteous conscience (as in the case of Ahab and Jezebel, who killed God's prophets and persecuted Elijah).
While every society is subject to the sovereign interventions of God, yet no modern society, other than the Church, is a theocratic society under God's direct governance. Secular rulers are necessary to control secular society. The Church, however, does not generally need authoritarian rulers in her society. Although the institutional churches usually follow the monarchy model of later Israelite history, I believe that the pre-monarchial model found in Judges more reflects God's intentions for the Church.